Indian authorities have stirred up international drama with their decision to build a criminal case against the local head of Mark Zuckerberg’s Meta (NASDAQ: META), Arun Srinivas. The Hyderabad cybercrime police named Srinivas as part of its investigation into allegedly doctored videos and images of Prime Minister Narendra Modi that users circulated on their platforms during the student protests that recently sparked in the country.

The case against Srinivas and Meta’s India unit, and several Facebook and Instagram accounts, is not New Delhi’s first attempt to put pressure or direct the world’s largest social platforms over the kind of content that users post.

In just this year, the Modi government has expanded its content moderation net to influencers and podcasters, while also slashing the window for platforms to act on blocking orders from 36 hours to three.

India also spent much of 2025 in legal bouts with Musk’s X, asking courts to settle content moderation disputes with the social media platform.

Why is India bringing a criminal case against Meta?

India started to investigate Meta after two men, S Aravind Reddy, a 29-year-old businessman, and T Saikiran Goud, a BJP activist from Telangana, reportedly filed complaints about obscene and misleading Instagram content targeting the prime minister.

The apparently “digitally altered or AI-generated” posts, according to them, were fodder for public unrest. Those posts first appeared around the time that the student protests led by the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) were a national headline for consecutive days.

What is Meta’s India head being accused of?

According to local media, the Hyderabad cybercrime unit leading the inquiry did not directly link Arun Srinivas to any of the problematic posts in its case.

The investigators say they are in the due diligence process to ensure that no laws were broken while the doctored material was being distributed on Meta’s Facebook and Instagram. However, that process is being expanded beyond the persons who created the posts, and Srinivas role as managing director and head of Meta India was enough to earn him a person of interest designation.

Meta has not directly addressed the situation.

Meta has had past run-ins with the Modi government

The booking follows a separate flare-up. A video posted from Modi’s own Facebook account on July 23, during the CJP protests, was briefly pulled down before being restored. It showed the prime minister speaking to young people and pledging tougher action on exam paper leaks, the Times of India reported.

Meta blamed a glitch, saying the post was removed in error and had since been put back. The government was not convinced. IT ministry Secretary S Krishnan told ANI that the company’s “technical error” account “does not appear to be an acceptable explanation in its entirety.”

Krishnan went on to describe the removal of authorized content from a verified handle as “extremely disturbing.” MeitY summoned Meta’s global head of public policy and asked for firm assurances that prominent accounts would be ring-fenced.

Meta has since offered new safeguards, telling the ministry that only senior officials will vet such posts and that at least two of them must sign off on any decision. Company representatives are due to meet the government this week, with content regulation on the agenda.

Where this sits in India’s tightening rulebook

The pressure on Meta is one piece of a larger regulatory push. Under India’s IT Act, platforms enjoy “safe harbor,” legal immunity that shields them from liability for user posts.

Services with more than five million users are treated as Significant Social Media Intermediaries and face extra compliance duties, the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation notes; lose the immunity, and a company can be held answerable for what its users share.

That leverage is expanding. In April 2026, the government proposed extending its content code to influencers and podcasters who post about news and current affairs. Earlier in the year, it cut the window for platforms to act on blocking orders from 36 hours to three.

Courts have backed the state so far: in September 2025, the Karnataka High Court threw out Elon Musk’s X challenge to the Sahyog takedown portal, with the judge saying social media could not be “left in a state of anarchic freedom.”

Meta had joined Sahyog; X refused. Delhi Police, meanwhile, have separately ordered platforms to strip posts mocking Modi that surfaced during the Jantar Mantar protests and the July 20 “Sansad Chalo” march.

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